In the Framework of the University of Freiburg's Studium generale, I took part in a guided tour: Auf den Spuren von Husserl, Arendt, Stein, Benjamin und Pollock – ein Spaziergang in der Wiehre (In the footsteps of Husserl, Arendt, Stein, Benjamin, and Pollock – a stroll through the Wiehre district).
For the biography of those philosophers, you may consult the Wikipedia articles. I shall, therefore, limit myself to dramatic events or lesser-known details in their lives.
Edmund Husserl (1858-1938)
![]() |
©Joergens.mi/Wikipedia |
In October 1914, both of Husserl's sons were drafted and fought on the Western Front in World War I. Son Wolfgang died on March 8, 1916, on the battlefield of Verdun. The following year, Gerhart was also wounded in combat but survived.
Despite these blows, Husserl remained a staunch patriot. The German spring offensive of 1918 thus rekindled his hopes for a victorious end to the war. Malvine confided in her diary, "Papa is beside himself. He is convinced that the final victory is now within reach."
But in August, Husserl wrote to his favorite student, Martin Heidegger, who was drafted in 1915 and assigned to the postal service and weather observation, "The latest events at the front weigh heavily on our souls. I don't need to tell you that."
To Husserl's regret, his pupil soon stepped out of his master's footsteps. In his infamous Black Notebooks, Nazi Heidegger only had contempt for his teacher, "Of Jewish origin, Husserl was with his empty rationality and calculating behavior (leere Rationalität und Rechenhaftigkeit) incapable of substantial decisions." Not nice.
As a Jew, Husserl went through the Nazi ordeal. His grave is in the suburb of Günterstal.
So, the 18-year-old student fell in love and, in February 1925, began a long relationship, undeterred by the fact that she was not Heidegger's first or only love affair during his time at Marburg. Arendt led a secluded life due to her relationship, which she wanted to keep private. Of course, the relationship was unbalanced when Heigegger wrote, “Tornness and despair can never produce anything like your devoted love in my work (Zerrissenheit und Verzweiflung vermag nie so etwas zu zeitigen wie Deine dienende Liebe in meiner Arbeit.)”
In a radio broadcast in 1969, Hannah recalled the fascination that Heidegger's teaching had exerted at the time: "His fame predates the publication of Being and Time. Lecture notes were passed from hand to hand, and his name spread throughout Germany like the rumor of a secret king."
"The rumor that there was someone who had truly achieved what Husserl had proclaimed drew [the students] to Freiburg to the private lecturer and later to Marburg."
Edith Stein (1891-1942)
This time, I drove past it through the small old gate to the tram terminus. Nearby, in a clean farmhouse, I found a nice little room on the ground floor with a friendly young woman. Her husband was on the battlefield; she had her elderly parents-in-law living with her. Diagonally across the street, in the rural inn Zum Kybfelsen, you could get good, hearty food for little money, and when the weather was nice, you could eat in the large garden.
As soon as I had found my lodgings, I set off for Husserl's house. They lived on Lorettostraße, halfway between Günterstal and the city center, at the foot of the Lorettoberg, not in their own house as in Göttingen, but in a spacious rented apartment.
I usually went out early in the morning with my books from Günterstal to one of the surrounding mountains, lay down in a meadow, and worked there for the exam. During this time, my friend Erica Gothe came from Göttingen. She also wanted to take a vacation, but at the same time, she wanted to be there for me so that I wouldn't be all alone on the day of the exam. I picked her up at the train station. When we sat together in my little room, I laid out my map of the Black Forest and showed her: "Here is the Feldberg. We have to go there sometime." We also need to visit Lake Constance. Erika beamed with joy and hugged me.
As we waited for the Höllentalbahn at the Wiehrebahnhof, we noticed the whole [Husserl] family on the platform. They got on the same train not far from us and traveled with us for a while, I think as far as Hinterzarten. It seemed to us that they wanted to see as little of us as we wanted to see of them. Gerhart was with them; he was only there on furlough for a few days, and we assumed that his parents wanted to be alone with their son.
After Edith was awarded the doctorate in philosophy with the summa cum laude honor, she boldly asked Husserl, on Kaiserbrücke (now Europabrücke), while they were walking back from the university, to become his assistant. He agreed wholeheartedly.
To be near her master, she moved to a room 200 meters away from Husserl's apartment, located at the corner house on Lorettostrasse and Goethestraße. Edith now spent her days in her master's apartment "translating" the mountain of approximately 30,000 notes written by Husserl in Gabelsberger's difficult-to-read shorthand. Many scholars wonder how much of this translation is original Husserl and how much is Stein.
Edith became increasingly frustrated with her work. In February 1918, she wrote, "Basically, it's the idea of being at the disposal of someone I can't stand. ... And if Husserl doesn't get used to treating me as a colleague again ... then we'll just have to part ways."
She left Freiburg and went to Göttingen. There, in 1919, she submitted her Habilitation thesis, Psychische Kausalität (Psychic Causality), which was unsuccessful. She also applied in Breslau and Freiburg with her philosophical treatise Potenz und Akt (Potency and Act). All attempts to be admitted to the Habilitation failed because she was a woman.
For a full account of Edith's Freiburg days and her future, you may wish to consult my blog, written in 2012.
On April 20, 1913, Benjamin wrote a long letter to the same Herbert B:
Dear Herbert, I certainly should write to you. But what? I feel so incapable. The church square in front of my window features a tall poplar tree (the yellow sun shines through its green leaves), an old well in front of it, and sunny house walls. I stare at it for a quarter of an hour. Then – isn't that right? – I lie down on the sofa and pick up a volume of Goethe. When I come across a word like "Breite der Gottheit" (breadth of divinity), I am already beside myself again. You know: in "Groß ist die Diana der Epheser" – perhaps the most beautiful German poem title. Let Franz tell you what I wrote about my room. Keller said very nicely, "Here, one is always a visitor." This sunny spaciousness with solid saints on the walls. I sit in a small armchair and know of no better place for philosophy.
![]() |
Walter's view. Time stood still on Kirchplatz. I took the photo on Independence Day 2025. |
Benjamin often allowed himself to be discouraged in the pursuit of his goals, as was the case with his university career, his Habilitation.
Ultimately, he did not want to commit himself and decided to live as a private scholar, which his father only allowed him to do to a limited extent. Later, when his father's financial circumstances were shaken by inflation, Walter was no longer allowed to do it at all.
Benjamin was restless. He would suddenly abandon projects, then take them up again much later and eventually complete them brilliantly.
He was also restless in his love life. His charisma made it easy for him to make friends, including female friends. He came to know the leading intellectual minds of his time.
As a liberal intellectual and secular Jew, he went into exile in Paris in 1933 at the beginning of Nazi rule. With his escape, Benjamin's precarious financial situation deteriorated further. In the city's intellectual scene, he met many émigré German intellectuals, including Hannah Arendt, who soon became one of his financial supporters. He also received allowances from his ex-wife and his sister, as well as a modest monthly salary of US$80 from the Institute for Social Research, which had since relocated to New York and was headed by Max Horkheimer. Not just because of his often dire financial situation, Benjamin had suicidal thoughts throughout his life.
In two essays in 1986, Hannah Arendt recalled the special relationship between Walter Benjamin and Bertolt Brecht: "Their friendship was unique because it brought together the greatest living German poet and the most important critic of the time. Although it was certainly tense, it was a friendship that was stronger than the differences in their backgrounds, working methods, and mentalities."
Benjamin was utterly depressed after his failed attempt to flee from the Nazi henchmen across the Spanish border to Portugal and then to the US. Brecht commented on his friend's tragic suicide on the night of September 26-27, 1940, at the Hotel Francia in Portbou, "This is the first real loss that Hitler has inflicted on German literature."
Friedrich Pollock (1894-1970)
![]() |
Güntertalstraße 32 |