Original Sin

Yesterday, Elisabeth and I attended a lecture about Erbsünde, ein irreführender Begriff (Original sin, a misleading term) by Professor Ludwig Wenzler, former director of Freiburg's Catholic Academy. While "original sin" may be understood in English, Erbsünde (inherited sin) in German is frequently misinterpreted.

Are we all born with the personal sin (peccatum originale originans) Adam once committed when in paradise he ate an apple (?) of the tree of knowledge, and why is a newborn child already fraught with Adam's sin (peccatum originale originatum)?

Do you see this big black spot? That is the original sin. (©Cosmiq)

Let us start at the beginning. Not taking the "literal" interpretation of the Book of Genesis by creationists seriously, science now explains that the world came into being following the Big Bang, with life developing on Earth later. Out of primitive forms of DNA have evolved viruses, bacteria, protozoans, plants, animals, and eventually man/woman or better men/women, for it is hard to believe that mankind is the result of only one common ancestor.

Bible stories are great at explaining the mystery of creation to Jews and Christians before science, inspired by Darwin, revealed the development and selection of species and later the transfer of our DNA to our offspring.

In his time, although proclaiming the Freiheit eines Christenmenschen (On the Freedom of a Christian), Martin Luther was still deeply rooted in the Middle Ages. For him, freedom meant freedom from paternalism, the tutelage of the Catholic Church, i.e., freedom for any man/woman to find his/her particular way to God guided by reading the Bible. Nothing was more important to Luther than fighting illiteracy, even for women (!), so that everybody may study the Bible in his German tongue and find his way to Christ.

According to Luther, man/woman has no free will, for although the spiritual human being is free, the flesh is weak and bound to sin, so he read in St. Paul's letter to Romans 7:19, "For I do not do the good I want to do, but the evil I do not want to do--this I keep on doing."

As Luther writes in his scripture De servo arbitrio (On the Bondage of the Will), human beings are slaves and bound by their will. They are either "ridden" by the devil or by God. This was his rude answer to Erasmus of Rotterdam's scripture De libero arbitrio diatribe sive collatio (On Free Choice of the Will, Discourses or Comparisons), in which the latter explains that God does not interfere with man's/woman's free will. Let them decide between good and evil.

Back to the original sin: It is widely acknowledged that Augustinus forwarded the concept. Augustinus's story of Adam and Eve losing paradise by disobeying God's order and eating from the Tree of Knowledge explained the evil in this world and the misery of medieval life. Is there not a more modern interpretation of the "original sin"?

Man/woman is indeed in the bondage of his/her origin. Although the genetic code has evolved, the original traits of evolution that the fittest will survive and proliferate are common to all species. Being essential for their survival, animals have no scruples eating other animals, and strong males will fight for females to pass on their genetic material. 

We, however, intelligent beings, became conscious that it is wrong to kill neighbors, take or destroy their possessions, and impose genes on raping their women. Professor Wenzler called the inclination of man/woman towards evil an Erbmangel but interpreted the "genetic defect" instead of in a religious context. The insight of our ancestors that there is evil apparently came in pair with their queries about the meaning of existence.

Here, I dare to claim that paradise never existed, although such a condition is the starting point of many other non-Jewish mythologies. The paradise lost serves as an auxiliary construction to explain how good and evil came into this world and how man/woman acquired the "knowledge," i.e., became conscious of deciding between those two.

Although Professor Wenzler tried hard to eliminate the German word Erbsünde, replacing it with Ursünde and even introducing the concept of Erbgnade (hereditary grace), the element Erbe gets a whole new significance for me. We carry the basic information of egoistic life-preserving and life proliferation in our genes, as the lyrics of the song "As Time Goes By" describe:

It's still the same old story
A fight for love and glory
A case of do or die ...

Or with respect to our heritage, as Mephistopheles in Goethe’s Faust states in his defeatest way:

Es erben sich Gesetz und Rechte wie eine ew’ge Krankheit fort; sie schleppen von Geschlecht sich zum Geschlechte und rücken sacht von Ort zu Ort. Vernunft wird Unsinn, Wohltat Plage: Weh dir, daß du ein Enkel bist!

Like a disease, an heir-loom dread, Still trail their curse from race to race, And furtively abroad, they spread. To nonsense, reason's self they turn; Beneficence becomes a pest; Woe unto thee, that thou'rt a grandson born!

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