Monday, February 24, 2025

Germany Voted

The Reichstag in Berlin, seat of the Bundestag (parliament) (©Joerg Carstensen/dpa)

The early federal election is history. As always, there were winners and losers, but the biggest winner was democracy. 82.5% of those eligible to vote cast their ballots, which means voter turnout was 6.1% higher than in the last federal election.
  

The number of parties that stood in the federal election shows the fragmentation of German society.
 Click on the graphic to enlarge

Here is the preliminary official final result.

The parties of the last federal government, which broke up last November on the day President Trump was elected, were punished.

The once-great People's Party SPD only received 15.6% of the votes, the worst result in its long democratic history. The Greens could limit their losses, but the big election losers were the Liberals (FDP). They lost 7.1% of their voters and are no longer represented in the Bundestag, with only 4.3% of the votes cast. The party leader, Christian Lindner, has already announced his departure from politics. As an expectant father, he would like to take more care of his family in the future.

The election winners are on the right and left edges of the party spectrum. The right-wing AfD more than doubled its vote share, and the left-wing Die Linke, which was thought to be dead, is entering the Bundestag with a share of the vote well above the five percent hurdle.

An analysis of the election shows that both parties were particularly successful with young voters due to their activities on social media channels. Young people are correctly worried about their future and thus often believe the populist and financially unfounded promises of both the right and the left without reflection.

Five parties are represented in the new Bundestag. The government will probably be a black-red coalition, but it does not deserve the name GroKo (Great Coalition) since it has only a majority of 26 seats in the new Bundestag. At its peak, the GroKo's majority-to-opposition ratio was 503/127. 

At the penultimate federal election in November 2017, when the AfD won 12.3% of the vote, my blog ended with: Germany moved to the right. It is time for the democratic parties to fight back.

My appeal must have borne fruit because in 2021, the party, which the German Office for the Protection of the Constitution has classified as right-wing extremist, lost 2%.

This time, however, the AfD more than doubled its vote share to 20.8% and, with 152 seats in the new Bundestag, announced a strong opposition, "We will drive them before us."

The future government has been warned that if it cannot resolve Germany's reform backlog, the AfD could win an absolute majority in the 2029 election.

Indeed, Germany faces many problems, and the change of front by the American president has exacerbated them. There are 

- the high social benefits, not least because of the continuing migration; therefore, 
- the need for easier and faster deportations of bogus refugees and criminals, 
- affordable health care, including nursing care for the aging population, 
- reasonably priced housing with increased climate protection requirements for new buildings, 
- the climate crisis and renewable affordable energies, 
- the stagnating economy in the face of more difficult export opportunities, 
- the strengthening of the Bundeswehr (military) due to the threat from the east and the
  quasi-termination of the American protective shield, and 
- therefore pursuing closer cooperation in the European Union, including the United Kingdom.

Where to start?

All of this costs a lot of money, and with no economic growth in sight, it can only be achieved by taking on new debt. But Germany's hands are tied by the debt brake enshrined in the constitution. This can only be changed with a constitutional amendment requiring a 2/3 majority in the Bundestag.

Quo vadis Germany?


On the map of Germany showing voter majorities, the east of the republic is dominated by blue (AfD), with islands of purple (die Linke). In contrast, the West is dominated by black (CDU/CSU) with a few red (SPD) and green splotches, including Freiburg.

In my street, campaigners anticipated the election result when hanging up posters.
So, how was the result of the election in Freiburg in Constituency 281 with three strong candidates?


Chantal Kopf defended the Green direct mandate with 32.5% and gained 3.7% compared to 2021.


The result of the "second vote" (Zweitstimme) for Constituency 281, which determines the strength of the individual parties in the Bundestag, shows that many voters split their votes to ensure that Chantal regained the direct mandate.

Compared to the overall result, the FDP remained below 5% in Freiburg, too; the AFD only reached 10.4%, but Die Linke achieved an astonishing 13.9% of the votes. Could Bernie Sanders' constant criticism of social inequality in the US have rubbed off in Freiburg?

This time, I will close my election blog with the modified leitmotif of the Communist Manifesto, "Representatives of all parties of the center unite in the fight against populism and right-wing extremism."
*

Friday, February 21, 2025

Cagliostro's Disenchantments


Necklace affairs and power games regarding Catherine II and J.W. von Goethe. 

As usual, Prof. Frick gave a remarkable lecture this time at the Museumsgesellschaft. Red Baron reports, but as usual, makes his comments.

In fact, two stories are loosely connected, Cagliostro's (hi)story and the affaire du collier de la reine, on which Goethe's reactions will be described in a third part.


Cagliostro

Giuseppe Balsamo, born on June 8, 1743, one day and 192 years before Red Baron, called himself Alessandro, Count of Cagliostro. He was a Sicilian occultist, alchemist, and adventurer.

Alessandro Count Cagliostro, pseudonym of Giuseppe Balsamo
(©Bibliotheque Polonaise De Paris)
He was said to have traveled widely in Greece, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and Rhodes, where he claims to have taken lessons in alchemy and related sciences from the Greek Althotas. Finally, he showed up in Malta.

There, as Count Cagliostro, he visited the Grand Master of the Order of Malta, who wrote recommendations for him for noble houses in Rome and Naples. This set the stage for the career of a high stacker, quack, and charlatan, who also claimed to be the founder of Egyptian Freemasonry. From then on, this was the central part of his high-stacking activities. Contrary to regular Freemasonry, Cagliostro believed that women should be admitted to the lodges on equal footing.

Elisabeth Charlotte Konstatia von der Recke in 1785  (©Gleimhaus)
In 1779, he gained access to the Kurland nobility in Mitau in the Baltic, where he succeeded in introducing some of the ladies to his adoption lodges. The Countess von der Recke finally exposed Cagliostro.

In 1780, he went to St. Petersburg and tried to introduce his Egyptian Freemasonry under the benevolence of Catherine II. However, this failed when Countess von der Recke warned the czarina. During a spiritualist séance, Cagliostro was exposed as a charlatan.

Catherine II of Russia (©Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien)
Catherine's anger against Freemasonry lasted until 1786 when she wrote to her confidant Baron von Grimm* about Cagliostro: He is a wicked scoundrel who should be hanged, that would stop the new craze of believing in occult sciences, which is now so prevalent in Germany and Sweden and which is also beginning to gain ground here. Still, we are putting it in its place.
*Grimm had bought Voltaire's book collection for her in 1778.


In the same year, Catherine published three comedies – The Impostor, The Blinded, and The Siberian Magician  – discrediting Freemasonry as such and ordering her courtiers to attend the performances as didactic plays.


Elisa von der Recke did not want to be outdone, and in 1787, she published the news of the infamous Cagliostro's stay in Mitau in 1779 and his magical operations.

Cagliostro, who had been exposed in St. Petersburg, fled to Warsaw and passed himself off as the Great Cophta of the Egyptian high-degree Memphis-Misraim Rite until, due to his legerdemain, he was forced to flee the city.

In 1781, he turned up in Strasbourg as a teacher of occultism and as a magical healer. Needless to write he had an enormous following from all sections of the population. In this stronghold of mystical masonry, Cagliostro set up an Egyptian lodge, the rite of which he also implemented in Basel.

Cagliostro and Cardinal de Rohan at Alchemie (©Wikipedia)
He soon made the acquaintance of the naive Louis-René-Édouard Cardinal de Rohan,  Archbishop of Strasbourg and Grand Almoner of France.



The Affair of the Diamond Necklace

As the French ambassador to the Habsburg court in Vienna, de Rohan's luxurious and libertine lifestyle displeasured the devoutly religious Empress Maria Theresa. Under pressure from her, he was recalled from his post in 1774.

Louis René Édouard, Cardinal de Rohan (©Wikipedia)
The cardinal was also out of favor at the French court because Maria Theresa's daughter, Queen Marie-Antoinette, shared her mother's dislike.

Jeanne de St Remi de Valois comtesse de la Motte
(©Bibliothèque nationale de France)
De Rohan wanted to regain the favor of the French royal couple at all costs. The refined swindler, Countess Jeanne de la Motte (Jeanne de Valois-Saint-Rémy), took advantage of his naivety and credulity, telling him she was in close and friendly contact with the queen. Jeanne la Motte hired an old comrade of her husband's who wrote false letters allegedly from Marie-Antoinette to the cardinal. She successfully used them to convince him from early 1784 that the queen was reconciled to him. On several occasions, Jeanne wheedled large sums of money out of the cardinal for allegedly charitable purposes in the name of Marie-Antoinette. With the swindled money, la Motte financed a luxurious life for herself and her husband, Nicolas.

When Jeanne's web of lies became too incredible even for de Rohan, he demanded an audience with the queen, which Jeanne was to arrange for him. So, in August of that year, 1784, the swindler arranged a nocturnal meeting in one of the bosquets of the Versailles park, at which a young veiled prostitute, who bore a certain resemblance to Marie-Antoinette, played the part of the queen.

Reconstruction of the Queen's necklace, Château de Breteuil, France (©Jebulon/Wikipedia)
The cardinal fell for the farce, and Jeanne was subsequently able to convince him that the queen wished him to purchase a diamond necklace that two Parisian jewelers had been offering for sale for several years – and to the king as well – at the steep price of 1.8 million livres. De Rohan suspected nothing, and the jewelers were deceived by forged letters. They handed the valuable piece of jewelry to the cardinal on February 1, 1785, and he promptly gave it to Jeanne de Saint-Rémy.

She broke the valuable diamonds out of their settings with her husband and offered the stones to Parisian jewelers. However, the jewelers refused to buy them, suspecting they were stolen goods. Nicolas de La Motte traveled to England in April 1785 to turn the loot into cash and sold most of the diamonds in London. Jeanne used some of the stones in Paris to pay off debts to creditors and suppliers. In total, the couple received 600,000 livres for their stolen goods.

Jeanne was finally sent to the Salpêtrière prison when the fraud was discovered.

Since Cagliostro had often provided de Rohan with spiritual guidance and alchemical advice, suspicions arose that he might have been involved in manipulating the cardinal. Without clear evidence, Cagliostro was arrested and imprisoned in the Bastille.

The public trial of the necklace affair demonstrated the general corruption of the Ancien Regime to the people and laid a foundation for the French Revolution of 1789.

The sensational trial ended on May 31, 1786. Jeanne La Motte was sentenced to be branded and imprisoned, and her husband was convicted in absentia to life imprisonment in the galleys. Cagliostro and his wife were acquitted.

Rohan was acquitted of the banishment from the court by 26 votes to 22 but had to pay the Parisian jewelers the price of the necklace.

Jeanne de Saint-Rémy fleeing from the Salpêtrière
(©Bibliothèque nationale de France)
After about a year, Jeanne de Saint-Rémy escaped from the Salpêtrière and fled to London. There, she learned that her husband had gambled away the money from the diamonds.

Caglostro was banished from France by order of Louis XVI, and departed for England and later for Rome, where he met two people who proved to be spies of the Inquisition. On December 27, 1789, Cagliostro was arrested for attempting to found a Masonic lodge in Rome and was imprisoned in the Castel Sant'Angelo. He was tried and convicted of heresy, witchcraft, and Freemasonry and sentenced to death. In 1791, the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment at the Forte di San Leo, where Cagliostro would die from a stroke on August 26, 1795.

 
Goethe

Goethe wrote about the court proceedings in Verdun in October 1792 in his war diary Campaign in France: The shock caused by that trial shook the state to its foundations and destroyed respect for the queen and the upper classes in general. Unfortunately, everything discussed only clarified the terrible ruin in which the court and the more distinguished were caught up.

A little later, on the return journey from the campaign to Weimar in November in Münster, Goethe wrote: As early as 1785, the story of the necklace frightened me like the head of Gorgone. Through this outrageous criminal act, I saw the dignity of majesty undermined and destroyed in advance, and all subsequent steps from that time on, unfortunately, all too much confirmed the terrible forebodings. I carried them with me to Italy and brought them back even more sharply.

When Goethe wrote this, his trip to Italy (September 1786 - May 1788) was already long behind him. On April 18, 1787, in Palermo - Goethe was 38 years old at the time - he was seized by a voyeuristic desire to visit the Balsamo family. He did everything he could to see them and learned from a local clerk who acted as his contact that Cagliostro's mother and sister were still alive.

Here is a brief summary of the family, which then lived in poor conditions in Palermo: Peter Balsamo, the father of the infamous Joseph, went bankrupt and died at age forty-five. His widow, Felicitas Balsamo, bore him another daughter, Johanna Joseph-Maria. She was married to Johann Baptista Capitummino, who fathered three children with her and died.

Shortly after my retirement, a quarter of a century ago, I read Goethe's Italian Journey. At the time, I paid little attention to the section about his visit to the Balsamos, but now my senses were sharpened.

Goethe pretended to be an Englishman to the Balsamo family and brought news of Cagliostro, who had just left the Bastille prison for London.

After re-reading the passage, I have to say that, to put it mildly, the Englishman in disguise did not behave like a gentleman when visiting the Balsamos.

At the appointed hour, it might have been about three o'clock in the afternoon, we set off. The house was at the corner of a small lane, not far from the main road, called il Cassaro. We climbed a miserable staircase and immediately came to the kitchen. A woman of medium height, strong and broad, without being fat, was busy washing the kitchen dishes. She was neatly dressed, and as we entered, she pushed one end of her apron up to hide the dirty side from us.

The clerk said, "Here is [ ... ] a stranger who brings a greeting from your brother and can tell you how he is currently doing." The greeting I was to bring was not quite in our agreement; however, the introduction had been made. "You know my brother?" she asked. "All Europe knows him," I replied, "I think you will be pleased to hear that he is safe and well since you have been worried about his fate." "Come in," she said, "I'll be right behind you," and I entered the room with the clerk.

The conversation developed.[ ... ] Mrs. Capitummino saying that her brother still owes her fourteen ounces*; she had redeemed items for him when he left Palermo in a hurry, but since then, she has neither heard from him nor received any money or support from him, even though, she hears, he has great riches and makes a princely display. Would I not undertake to remind him of the debt in a proper manner after my return and to obtain support for them? Would I not want to take a letter with me or at least order one? I offered to do so. She asked where I lived and where she should send the letter. I refused to say where I lived and offered to pick up the letter myself the next day in the evening. 
*in silver, about 300 US$

Does Goethe's conscience stir at the farewell? One can imagine the impression that this poor, pious, well-meaning family had made on me. My curiosity was satisfied, but their natural and good behavior aroused my sympathy, which increased with reflection.

Goethe coldly reports: I had achieved my goal, and it only remained for me to end this adventure appropriately. Therefore, the next day, after lunch, I went to her house alone. They were surprised when I entered. They said the letter was not yet ready, and some of their relatives also wanted to meet me, who would arrive in the evening. I replied that I had to leave early the following day, that I still had to make visits and pack, and that I would have preferred to come earlier rather than not at all.

Then, the son brought the letter they wanted me to take. As is customary in those parts, it had been written at one of the public notaries' offices away from home.

After the visit, when he arrived at his lodgings, Goethe had some thoughts: I need not say that my interest in this family aroused the keen desire to apply to them and help them in their need. They had been deceived by me again, and their hopes of unexpected help were about to be disappointed for the second time by the curiosity of northern Europe. My first intention was to send them the fourteen ounces that the fugitive owed them before I left and to cover my gift by assuming that I hoped to get this amount back from him, but when I did the math at my lodging, went over my cash and papers, I saw that in a country where distance seems to grow infinitely due to a lack of communication, I would put myself in a difficult position if I presumed to right the injustice of a cheeky person through a heartfelt good nature.

 Making excuses, Goethe left.

Much later, in the Tag- und Jahreshefte of 1789, Goethe recalled the necklace affair: I had hardly settled back into Weimar life and its conditions, in terms of business, studies and literary work, when the French Revolution developed and attracted the attention of the whole world.

As early as 1785, the necklace story had made an unspeakable impression on me. In the immoral depths of the city, court, and state that opened up here, the most horrific consequences appeared to me in a ghostly manner, the appearance of which I could not get rid of for quite some time, whereby I behaved so strangely that friends, among whom I was staying in the country when the first news of this reached us, only confessed to me late, when the revolution had long since broken out, that I seemed to them to be insane at the time.

I followed the trial with great attention, tried to obtain news of Cagliostro and his family in Sicily, and finally, in my usual manner, to get rid of all the considerations, I transformed the whole event into an opera titled "The Great Cophtha," for which the subject might have been better suited than for a play.


So, in 1792, Goethe eventually turned the plot into a five-act comedy, The Great Cophta.


In The Great Cophta, Goethe deals with the moral decay of the ancien régime. He defuses the piece by "renaming" the characters. Queen Marie-Antoinette is called a princess, but she does not appear at all. Cardinal de Rohan is the Canon, and the Comtesse de La Motte is called the Marquise in Goethe. Cagliostro becomes Count Rostro.

Cagliostro was acquitted in the necklace affair but had to appear in the play for dramaturgical reasons. Goethe knew Schiller's views on the theater as a moral institution. Did he want to educate the Weimar audience?
*

Tuesday, February 18, 2025

Verlustangst

A guest article by Henning Vöpel, Director of the Center for European Politics (cep), in the Badische Zeitung, entitled "Angst vor der eigenen Courage (Fear of one's own courage)," inspired Red Baron to write the following blog post.

Red Baron has long argued that there will be no more real economic growth but only pseudo-growth, in which the large but unchanging pie of the global economy is merely redistributed.

These efforts can currently be observed in the United States, where the president is trying to make foreign imports more difficult by imposing tariffs. This should lead to jobs being brought home to manufacture the previously imported products in the US. Tariffs are intended to make the American economy great again at the expense of countries that rely on exports, such as China and Germany.

Therefore, the Germans' fear of losing their jobs is quite understandable when the automobile industry, once the poster child of Germany's export surplus, has already announced massive layoffs. For most, job loss will be followed by financial and social decline.

In this stressed ambiance, it is more noticeable than ever that the party platforms for next Sunday's general election make big promises. Fulfilling them will require huge amounts of taxpayers' money.


 The Ifo (Information and Research) Institute in Munich published a study, "Reform Proposals or Tax Giveaways? The 2025 Election Platforms Put to the Test"

Mit Anpassung (with adjustment) means that any "deficit" money spent will lead
to increased tax revenues, and thus, the overall deficit will be mitigated.
N.B.: The left's tax revenues are due to massive taxation of the high earners and the rich.
Calculations by Ifo show that the financial gaps for the upcoming budget could reach up to 200 billion euros, depending on the promises of the various parties. Economic growth of 10% is needed to cover 100 billion euros, but don't forget Red Baron's initial statement.

Every party talks about potential savings, but where are they? Substantial savings involve bold changes in many areas. However, the election platforms of all parties contain neither convincing concepts nor attractive visions, but mainly false promises. The established centrist parties are afraid to talk about necessary, painful financial cuts before the election for fear of losing votes to the AfD. This far-right opposition party* does not have to implement its full-bodied demands and promises.
*Keyword: Brandmauer (firewall).

Recently, the number of young voters on the left of the party spectrum has increased. They like to understand that future social unrest in large sections of the population can only be avoided through a massive redistribution from rich to poor.

Caressing the feeling that "everything used to be better," German minds are dominated by the Verlustangst (fear of loss). This sounds in Vöpel's original words, "The comfortable illusion of prosperity of recent years has already turned into an almost paranoid fear of loss. Every group feels disadvantaged. This is socially dangerous because politics is becoming a pure zero-sum game*. Defending the present (preserving vested interests) is becoming more important than conquering the future."
*Germany's economic growth in 2023 was -0.3%

And Völpel continues, "In general, people value the risk of losing their status quo more than the chance of gaining. Thus, innovation and start-up activities are lower in the Old World than in other regions of the world. Mentally, it feels like there is hardly anything to gain but much to lose."

The next German government must be straight with its citizens. Those who govern us cannot avoid new debts or make painful cuts to tax-funded services. Above all, they must interre their mantra that debt will later be reduced through economic and labor market growth.
*

Monday, February 17, 2025

Einstein Ring

Spectacular discoveries in physics are currently being made not at particle accelerators but in space by modern telescopes like NASA's James Webb Telescope. Red Baron published two blogs dealing with new findings on dark matter and dark energy.

Recently, for a change, it was not the US James Webb Telescope but the European Euclid space telescope that made a spectacular observation. By chance, it discovered a "perfect" Einstein ring.

© ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre, T. Li
Click to enlarge
This wide-field image shows the ring of exceptional clarity surrounded by an extended stellar halo of the galaxy NGC 6505. In the photo's foreground are colorful stars, and further galaxies decorate the background.

According to the general theory of relativity, Einstein rings are created by the deflection of light from distant galaxies by the gravitational fields of nearer galaxies in front of them.

The deflection of light by masses, as predicted by Albert Einstein, was first observed during a solar eclipse on May 29, 1919. The observed deviation of around 1.75 seconds of arc followed the prediction. Since then, many experimental observations have confirmed the general theory of relativity.

Massive objects in space bend and focus light like a lens. The gravitational force is strong for very massive galaxies and galaxy clusters. These powerful lenses allow astronomers to see the light from very distant galaxies that would be hidden from those lying before them. If the alignment is correct, the light from a distant galaxy forms an Einstein ring around the galaxy in the foreground.

Magnification of the center showing the Einstein ring in all its beauty
          © ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre, T. Li
The NGC 6505 galaxy is about 590 million light-years from Earth - a stone's throw away in cosmic terms - and the ring is formed from the light of a previously unknown galaxy - that has not yet a name - at a distance of 4.42 billion light-years.

Ultimately, the Euclid space telescope, which can detect galaxies out to 10 billion light years, is expected to find about 100,000 strong gravitational lenses. Its mission is to map over a third of the sky and create the most extensive cosmic 3D map ever made.

By exploring the expansion and formation of the universe throughout its cosmic history, Euclid will learn about the role of gravity. This will allow astronomers to infer the large-scale distribution of dark matter and reveal the influence of dark energy. This mysterious force is accelerating the expansion of the universe.
*

Saturday, February 15, 2025

People within the Museum

Today, Red Baron intended to visit the Hans Thoma exhibition at the Augustinermuseum.


At the entrance, I came across a collective poster showing People within the Museum, not visitors, but people working there standing in front of their favorite exhibits.

The individual posters (click to enlarge) were initially shown in the Museum of Contemporary Art hallway. Today, I found them a bit hidden in the Augustinermuseum's attic.

From the large mosaic of photos, I have selected four examples that I particularly liked.


Mr. Thess from the supervisory service says of Hans Baldung Grien's Mother of God with the Sleeping Child (1514 or 1520 ), "This is a touching picture. I'm very religious, and red is my favorite color."


Mrs. Schick from the cashier service says about Matthias Grünewald's Snow Miracle (1517/19), Foundation of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, "I firmly believe in miracles; they enrich life."


Mr. Thomas from the box office and supervisory service says about Auguste Rodin's bronze sculpture (reduction from 1898) The Kiss, "This work inspires me. It reminds me of the passion of my marriage. I traveled to Las Vegas especially for my wedding to get married in the chapel where Elvis got married." and

Mrs. Herbaly from the cashier service adds, "The kiss is sensual and full of devotion, a divine story that will last forever."


Mrs. Steuer, team leader of the supervisory service, says about the busts of the saints of the Freiburg guilds (1653-1800), "Everyone has to believe in something. Faith is also hope that everything will end well. That touches me."

The blog about the Hans Thoma exhibition will have to wait.
*

Wednesday, February 12, 2025

On Becoming and Passing Away

Prof. Werner Frick gave the last lecture at the Saturday University in the winter semester of 2024/25 on the topic of Time.
 

Prof. Frick is also the director of this popular lecture series. The title of his lecture: On becoming and passing away. Time experiments in the literature of classical modernism.

Since the texts presented were all written after Einstein formulated the theory of relativity, physics apparently played a role for many authors. Not all understood the theory correctly, but they played or experimented with time and space.

As usual, Red Baron hung on the lips of the lecturer, but he retained little of the profound explanations one is accustomed to from Prof. Frick.

In the following, I bring the German texts in their English translation and loosen them up with insignificant personal remarks. I pasted the original passages at the end of this blog for my German readers.

Franz Kafka is one of the great writers of classical modernity, best known for his "Kafkaesque" texts. Here comes the first example.

A Comment

It was very early in the morning, and the streets were clean and empty; I went to the station. When I compared a tower clock with my watch, I saw it was already much later than I had thought; I had to hurry. The horror of this discovery made me feel uncertain on the way; I didn't know my way around this city very well yet; luckily, there was a police officer nearby; I ran to him and breathlessly asked him for directions. He smiled and said: "You want me to tell you the way?" "Yes," I said, "because I can't find it myself." "Give it up, give it up," he said, turning away with a big swing, like people who want to be alone with their laughter.


The protagonist must have been moving very fast if his pocket watch lagged behind the tower clock. Does Kafka have the twin paradox of the general theory of relativity in mind here, according to which clocks move more slowly for a person in motion?

The following text passage is from Ein Landarzt (A Country Doctor), a collection of short stories.

The next village

My grandfather used to say: "Life is amazingly short. Now that I remember it, I can hardly understand, for example, how a young person can decide to ride to the next village without fearing that - quite apart from unfortunate coincidences - the time of an ordinary, happy life is not nearly long enough for such a ride."

Why does a ride to the next village take almost as long as a happy life? An explanation can perhaps be found in the following text example, in which Kafka plays with the shortening of time and lengthening of paths.

An everyday incident, its endurance, an everyday heroism

A. has an important business deal to conclude with B. in the neighboring village H. He goes to H. for a preliminary meeting, covers the journey there and back in ten minutes each way, and boasts about this particular speed at home.

The next day, he goes to H. again, this time to finalize the deal; as this will probably take several hours, A. goes out early in the morning. Although all the other circumstances, at least in A's opinion, are the same as the day before, it takes him ten hours to get to H. this time.

When he arrives there in the evening, exhausted, he is told that B. went over to A.'s village half an hour ago, annoyed at A's absence; they should have met. A. is advised to wait, as B. is due back soon. But A., worried about the business, leaves immediately and hurries home.

This time, he covers the distance in the blink of an eye without paying any particular attention. At home, he learns that B. had arrived early, even before A. left, that he had met A. at the front gate, reminded him of the business, but A. had said that he didn't have time now and had to leave in a hurry. Despite A's incomprehensible behavior, B. had stayed here to wait for A. Although he had often asked whether A. had returned, he was still upstairs in A.'s room.

Happy to be able to speak to B. now and explain everything to him, A. runs up the stairs. He is almost at the top when he stumbles, suffers a pulled tendon, and nearly faints from the pain. He is unable even to scream, just whimpering in the dark. He hears and sees how B., indistinctly, whether in the distance or just beside him, stomps angrily down the stairs and disappears for good.


A. is surprised more than once when the ten-minute walk to H. expands into a ten-hour walk the second time and coagulates into a moment the third time. The story picks up speed when A. doesn't recognize B. at his front door on his second walk to H., even though it reminds him of their business together. What follows is a slapstick-like game of cat and mouse that ends painfully. It is provoked by A., who suffers from a relative time-lapse syndrome. It's all Kafkaesque.

Prof. Frick excluded discussing the topic of time in Thomas Mann's masterpiece The Magic Mountain as this would go beyond the scope of his lecture.

But here is a lagniappe. As Red Baron is currently reading Der Zauberberg, he remembers a significant passage in the text in which the protagonist Hans Castorp and his cousin Joachim talk about time:

"Time is not 'real' at all. If it seems long, it is long, and if it seems short, it is short, but nobody knows how long or short it really is." He was not used to philosophizing and yet felt the urge to do so.

Joachim disagreed. "Why is that? No. We measure it. We have clocks and calendars, and it's over for you, me, and everyone when one month is over."

"Then pay attention," said Hans Castorp, holding his index finger next to his dull eyes. So a minute is as long as it seems when you measure yourself?"

"A minute is as long ... It lasts as long as it takes the second hand to complete its circle."

"But it takes very different lengths - for our feeling! And indeed ... I say: actually taken," Hans Castorp repeated, pressing his index finger so firmly against his nose that he bent its tip completely, "it's a movement, a spatial movement, isn't it? Wait, wait! So, we're measuring time with space. But that's just as if we wanted to measure space by time - which only very unscientific people do. "


However, this is precisely what theoretical physicists do. It seems that Hans Castorp does not understand the theory of relativity.

In Robert Musil's novel Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (The Man Without Qualities), the reader experiences a particular aspect of time in the following passage, Ullrich and his sister Agathe are lying on a lawn in a garden, and for them, not only their hearts but also time seem to stand still.

Breaths of a Summer's Day

A noiseless stream of dull flower snow floated through the sunshine, coming from a group of trees that had faded, and the breath that carried it was so soft that not a leaf stirred. No shadow fell from it on the green of the lawn, but this seemed to darken from within like an eye. The trees and shrubs, tenderly and lavishly leafed by the young summer, which stood to one side or formed the background, gave the impression of stunned spectators who surprised and spellbound in their cheerful costumes, took part in this funeral procession and nature festival. Spring and autumn, the language and silence of nature, the magic of life and death mingled in the picture; hearts seemed to stand still, be taken from the chest, and join the silent procession through the air.

'My heart was taken out of my chest,' said a mystic; Agathe remembered this. As in this moment of the flowering procession, the garden had once looked mysteriously deserted and animated, just at the hour after Ulrich's mystical confessions among his books had fallen into her hand.

Time stood still; a millennium waved as quickly as the opening and closing of an eye. She had reached the millennial realm, and God might even have made himself felt. And while she sensed this one thing after another, even though time should no longer exist, and while her brother was beside her so that she would not be frightened by this dream, even though there seemed to be no more space, the world, despite these contradictions, seemed to be filled with transfiguration in every respect.


You find the following passage in Alfred Döblin's best-known novel, Berlin Alexanderplatz.

The Rosenthaler Platz is entertaining ...

The electric train no. 68 runs via Rosenthaler Platz, Wittenau, Nordbahnhof, Heilanstalt, Weddingplatz, Stettiner Bahnhof, Rosenthaler Platz, Alexanderplatz, Straußberger Platz, Frankfurter Allee station, Lichtenberg, Herzberge mental hospital. The three Berlin transport companies, streetcar, elevated and subway railroad, and bus, form a fare pool. Tickets for adults cost 20 pfennigs, tickets for schoolchildren 10 pfennigs. Children up to the age of 14, apprentices and schoolchildren, students without means, war invalids, and people with severe walking disabilities receive reduced fares on presentation of a pass from the district welfare offices.

Inform yourself about the route. The front door may not be open during winter for boarding and alighting. There are 39 seats, 5918, and anyone wishing to alight must report in good time. The driver is prohibited from talking to passengers, and getting on and off during the journey is life-threatening.

In the middle of Rosenthaler Platz, a man with two yellow parcels jumps off the 41. An empty auto-rickshaw slips just past him. The conductor looks after him. A streetcar inspector appears. The conductor and inspector shake hands: "He was lucky with his parcels. "

At the Lothringer Straße stop, four people have just boarded the 4, two elderly women, a worried ordinary man, and a boy with a cap and earflap. The two women belong together. They are Mrs. Plück and Mrs. Hoppe. They want to get a bandage for Mrs. Hoppe, the older one because she has an umbilical hernia. They have been to the bandage maker in Brunnenstraße, after which they both want to pick up their husbands for lunch.

The man is coachman Hasebruck, who has a problem with an electric iron that he bought and used cheaply for his boss. He was given a bad one. The boss tried it for a few days, then it stopped working. He has to exchange it. The people don't want it. He's already going there for the third time. Today, he has to pay extra.

The boy, Max Rüst, will later become a plumber and father of 7 more Rüsts. He will participate in a company called Hallis and Co., installing and roofing work near Grünau. At the age of 52, he will win a quarter ticket in the Prussian class lottery. Then, he will retire and die at the age of 55 during a settlement process with Hallis and Co.

His obituary will read: On September 25, my dearly beloved husband, our dear father, son, brother, brother-in-law, and uncle Max Rüst, died suddenly of a heart attack at the not yet completed age of 55. On behalf of the bereaved Marie Rüst, we are deeply saddened to announce this.

The acknowledgment after the funeral will have the following text: Acknowledgment! As it is impossible for us to thank everyone individually for the expression of etc., we hereby extend our heartfelt thanks to all relatives, friends, and the tenants of the house on Kleiststr. 4 and all acquaintances. We especially want to thank Mr. Deinen for his heartfelt words of comfort. - Now, Max Rüst is 14 years old and has just been released from the parish school. On the way there, he is supposed to visit the counseling center for the speech impaired, hearing impaired, visually impaired, weakly gifted, and severely handicapped, where he has already been several times because he stutters, but it has already improved.


This text encompasses a leap into the future. Prof. Frick made a calculation. The novel Berlin Alexanderplatz was set around 1928, so when Max Rüst was 14 years old, he was born in 1914 and died at the age of 55 in 1969.

How far into the future is Döblin looking here? He boldly continues his story, of course, without anticipating the Third Reich and the Second World War.

The day after the Reichstag fire, the Jewish author fled to Switzerland, then to France, and survived the Nazi era in exile in America.

Döblin returned to Germany in 1945 and tried as a cultural officer in Baden as early as 1946 to promote Franco-German rapprochement. He failed, for he only met with a "denial of the reign of terror" and "repression of feelings of guilt."

Alfred Döblin died in 1957. He did not change the above passage in his novel.


Here are the original German texts:

Franz Kafka
Ein Kommentar

Es war sehr früh am Morgen, die Straßen rein und leer, ich ging zum Bahnhof. Als ich eine Turmuhr mit meiner Uhr verglich, sah ich daß schon viel später war als ich geglaubt hatte, ich mußte mich sehr beeilen, der Schrecken über diese Entdeckung ließ mich im Weg unsicher werden, ich kannte mich in dieser Stadt noch nicht sehr gut aus, glücklicherweise war ein Schutzmann in der Nähe, ich lief zu ihm und fragte ihn atemlos nach dem Weg. Er lächelte und sagte: „Von mir willst Du den Weg erfahren?" „Ja", sagte ich, „da ich ihn selbst nicht finden kann." „Gibs auf, gibs auf", sagte er und wandte sich mit einem großen Schwunge ab, so wie Leute, die mit ihrem Lachen allein sein wollen.


Das nächste Dorf

Mein Großvater pflegte zu sagen: „Das Leben ist erstaunlich kurz. Jetzt in der Erinnerung drängt es sich mir so zusammen, daß ich zum Beispiel kaum begreife, wie ein junger Mensch sich entschließen kann ins nächste Dorf zu reiten, ohne zu fürchten, daß - von unglücklichen Zufällen ganz abgesehen - schon die Zeit des gewöhnlichen, glücklich ablaufenden Lebens für einen solchen Ritt bei weitem nicht hinreicht."


Ein alltäglicher Vorfall

Ein alltäglicher Vorfall; sein Ertragen ein alltäglicher Heroismus: A. hat mit B. aus dem Nachbardorf H. ein wichtiges Geschäft abzuschließen. Er geht zur Vorbesprechung nach H., legt den Hin- und Herweg in je zehn Minuten zurück und rühmt sich zuhause dieser besonderen Schnelligkeit.

Am nächsten Tag geht er wieder nach H., diesmal zum endgültigen Geschäftsabschluß; da dieser voraussichtlich mehrere Stunden erfordern wird, geht A. schon frühmorgens aus; trotzdem aber alle Nebenumstände, wenigstens nach A.'s Meinung, völlig die gleichen sind wie am Vortag braucht er diesmal zum Weg, nach H zehn Stunden. Als er dort ermüdet abends ankommt, sagt man ihm, daß B. ärgerlich wegen A.'s Ausbleiben vor einer halben Stunde zu A. in sein Dorf hinüber gegangen sei; sie hätten einander eigentlich treffen müssen. Man rät A. zu warten, B. müsse ja gleich zurückkommen. A. aber, in Angst wegen des Geschäftes, macht sich sofort auf und eilt nachhause.

Diesmal legt er den Weg, ohne besonders darauf zu achten, geradezu in einem Augenblick zurück. Zuhause erfährt er, B. sei doch schon gleich früh gekommen, noch vor dem Weggang A.'s, ja er habe A. im Haustor getroffen, ihn an das Geschäft erinnert, aber A. habe gesagt, er hätte jetzt keine Zeit, er müsse jetzt eiligst fort. Trotz dieses unverständlichen Verhaltens A's sei aber B. doch hier geblieben um auf A. zu warten. Er habe zwar schon oft nachgefragt ob A. zurückgekommen sei, befinde sich aber noch immer oben in A.'s Zimmer.

Glücklich darüber, B. jetzt noch sprechen und ihm alles erklären zu können läuft A. die Treppe hinauf. Schon ist er fast oben, da stolpert er, erleidet eine Sehnenzerrung und fast ohnmächtig vor Schmerz, unfähig sogar zu schreien, nur winselnd im Dunkel, hört und sieht er, wie B., undeutlich ob in großer Ferne oder knapp neben ihm, wütend die Treppe hinunterstapft und endgültig verschwindet.


Thomas Mann 
Der Zauberberg

„Die Zeit ist doch überhaupt nicht ‚eigentlich‘. Wenn sie einem lang vorkommt, so ist sie lang, und wenn sie einem kurz vorkommt, so ist sie kurz, aber wie lang oder kurz sie in Wirklichkeit ist, das weiß doch niemand.“ Er war durchaus nicht gewohnt, zu philosophieren und fühlte dennoch den Drang dazu. Joachim widersprach. „Wieso denn. Nein. Wir messen sie doch. Wir haben doch Uhren und Kalender, und wenn ein Monat um ist, dann ist er für dich und mich und uns alle um.“ „Dann paß auf“, sagte Hans Castorp und hielt sogar den Zeigefinger neben seine trüben Augen. „Eine Minute ist also so lang, wie sie dir vorkommt, wenn du dich mißt?“ „Eine Minute ist so lang ... sie dauert so lange, wie der Sekundenzeiger braucht, um seinen Kreis zu beschreiben.“ „Aber er braucht ja ganz verschieden lange – für unser Gefühl! Und tatsächlich ... ich sage: tatsächlich genommen“, wiederholte Hans Castorp und drückte den Zeigefinger so fest gegen die Nase, daß er ihre Spitze vollständig umbog, „ist das eine Bewegung, eine räumliche Bewegung, nicht wahr? Halt, warte! Wir messen also die Zeit mit dem Raume. Aber das ist doch ebenso, als wollten wir den Raum an der Zeit messen, – was doch nur ganz unwissenschaftliche Leute tun.


Robert Musil
Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften

Atemzüge eines Sommertags

Ein geräuschloser Strom glanzlosen Blütenschnees schwebte, von einer abgeblühten Baumgruppe kommend, durch den Sonnenschein; und der Atem, der ihn trug, war so sanft, daß sich kein Blatt regte. Kein Schatten fiel davon auf das Grün des Rasens, aber dieses schien sich von innen zu verdunkeln wie ein Auge.

Die zärtlich und verschwenderisch vom jungen Sommer belaubten Bäume und Sträucher, die beiseite standen oder den Hintergrund bildeten, machten den Eindruck von fassungslosen Zuschauern, die, in ihrer fröhlichen Tracht überrascht und gebannt, an diesem Begräbniszug und Naturfest teilnahmen.

Frühling und Herbst, Sprache und Schweigen der Natur, auch Lebens- und Todeszauber mischten sich in dem Bild; die Herzen schienen stillzustehen, aus der Brust genommen zu sein, sich dem schweigenden Zug durch die Luft anzuschließen. ,Da ward mir das Herz aus der Brust genommen', hat ein Mystiker gesagt; Agathe erinnerte sich dessen. Wie in diesem Augenblick des Blütenzugs hatte der Garten also schon einmal geheimnisvoll verlassen und belebt ausgesehen; und zwar gerade in der Stunde, nachdem ihr die mystischen Bekenntnisse in die Hand gefallen waren, die Ulrich unter seinen Büchern besaß.

Die Zeit stand still, ein Jahrtausend wog so leicht wie ein Öffnen und Schließen des Auges, sie war ans Tausendjährige Reich gelangt, Gott gar gab sich vielleicht zu fühlen. Und während sie, obwohl es doch die Zeit nicht mehr geben sollte, eins nach dem andern das empfand; und während ihr Bruder, damit sie bei diesem Traum nicht Angst leide, neben ihr war, obwohl es auch keinen Raum mehr zu geben schien: schien die Welt, unerachtet dieser Widersprüche, in allen Stücken erfüllt von Verklärung zu sein.


Alfred Döblin
Berlin Alexanderplatz

Der Rosenthaler Platz unterhält sich

Die Elektrische Nr. 68 fährt über den Rosenthaler Platz, Wittenau, Nordbahnhof, Heilanstalt, Weddingplatz, Stettiner Bahnhof, Rosenthaler Platz, Alexanderplatz, Straußberger Platz, Bahnhof Frankfurter Allee, Lichtenberg, Irrenanstalt Herzberge. Die drei Berliner Verkehrsunternehmen, Straßenbahn, Hoch- und Untergrundbahn, Omnibus, bilden eine Tarifgemeinschaft. Der Fahrschein für Erwachsene kostet 20 Pfennig, der Schülerfahrschein 10 Pfennig, Fahrpreisermäßigung erhalten Kinder bis zum vollendeten 14. Lebensjahr, Lehrlinge und Schüler, unbemittelte Studenten, Kriegsbeschädigte, im Gehen schwer behinderte Personen auf Ausweis der Bezirkswohlfahrtsämter.

Unterrichte dich über das Liniennetz. Während der Wintermonate darf die Vordertür nicht zum Ein- und Aussteigen geöffnet werden, 39 Sitzplätze, 5918, wer aussteigen will, melde sich rechtzeitig, die Unterhaltung mit den Fahrgästen ist dem Wagenführer verboten, Auf- und Absteigen während der Fahrt ist mit Lebensgefahr verbunden.

Mitten auf dem Rosenthaler Platz springt ein Mann mit zwei gelben Paketen von der 41 ab, eine leere Autodroschke rutscht noch grade an ihm vorbei, der Schupo sieht ihm nach, ein Straßenbahnkontrolleur taucht auf, Schupo und Kontrolleur geben sich die Hand: Der hat aber mal Schwein gehabt mit seine Pakete.

An der Haltestelle Lothringer Straße sind eben eingestiegen in die 4 vier Leute, zwei ältliche Frauen, ein bekümmerter einfacher Mann und ein Junge mit Mütze und Ohrenklappe. Die beiden Frauen gehören zusammen, es ist Frau Plück und Frau Hoppe. Sie wollen für Frau Hoppe, die ältere, eine Leibbinde besorgen, weil sie eine Anlage zum Nabelbruch hat. Sie waren zum Bandagisten in der Brunnenstraße, nachher wollen beide ihre Männer zum Essen abholen. Der Mann ist der Kutscher Hasebruck, der seine Plage hat mit einem elektrischen Bügeleisen, das er für seinen Chef alt und billig gekauft hat. Man hat ihm ein schlechtes gegeben, der Chef hat es ein paar Tage probiert, dann brannte es nicht mehr, er soll es umtauschen, die Leute wollen nicht, er fährt schon zum drittenmal hin, heute soll er was zuzahlen.

Der Junge, Max Rüst, wird später Klempner werden, Vater von 7 weiteren Rüst, wird sich an einer Firma Hallis und Co., Installation, Dacharbeiten bei Grünau, beteiligen, mit 52 Jahren wird er ein Viertel-Los in der Preußischen Klassenlotterie gewinnen, darauf sich zur Ruhe setzen und während eines Abfindungsprozesses mit der Firma Hallis und Co. mit 55 Jahren sterben.

Seine Todesanzeige wird lauten: Am 25. September verschied plötzlich an einem Herzschlag mein inniggeliebter Mann, unser lieber Vater, Sohn, Bruder, Schwager und Onkel Max Rüst im noch nicht vollendeten Alter von 55 Jahren. Dies zeigt tief betrübt an im Namen der Hinterbliebenen Marie Rüst.

Die Danksagung nach der Beerdigung wird folgenden Text haben: Danksagung! Da es uns nicht möglich ist, jedem einzelnen für die Beweise usw., sprechen wir hiermit allen Verwandten, Freunden, sowie den Mietern des Hauses Kleiststr. 4 und allen Bekannten unsern herzlichsten Dank aus. Ganz besonders danken wir Herrn Deinen für seine innigen Trostworte. - Jetzt ist dieser Max Rüst 14 Jahre alt grade aus der Gemeindeschule entlassen, soll auf dem Hinweg die Beratungsstelle für Sprachkranke, Schwerhörige, Sehschwache, Schwachbegabte, Schwererzichbare aufsuchen, wo er schon öfter war, weil er stottert, es hat sich aber schon gebessert.
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Thursday, February 6, 2025

America First

This blog is Red Baron's introduction to the topic at the February Stammtisch of the Freiburg-Madison-Gesellschaft.

The official Inauguration photo
Not an hour goes by without a new message from Washington startling the media. President Trump said at a news conference with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, "The US will take over the Gaza Strip, we will do a job with it too, we will own it. We're gonna take over that piece, so we're gonna develop it. We have an opportunity to do something that could be phenomenal, I don’t want be cute, I don’t want to be the wise guy, but the Riviera of the Middle East. This could be something that could be so magnificent. The Riviera of the Middle East."

Reaction of Susie Wiles, Trump's chief of staff
When asked how many Palestinians would have to be displaced for his luxury real estate development, Trump said, "All of them, we are talking probably about 1 million 7 people maybe 1 million 8, but I think all of them."

For the operation, Trump did not rule out the use of ground troops. Gaza is only rubble and ashes. The 1.8 million Palestinians could lead a "nice life elsewhere and not have to worry about dying there every day." Their resettlement to other countries in the region is intended to make room for the "people of the world."

Later in a press conference, Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, paddled back, saying, "The President has not committed to putting boots on the ground in Gaza" and clearing the territory. The Palestinian population would not be driven out, and any relocation would be temporary.


Even before taking office, Trump was "flooding the zone" with bold and sometimes legally dubious actions that challenged the media to keep up. The oldest president in US history wants to demonstrate determination and ability to act.

Minutes after his inauguration, he began signing almost one hundred executive orders - in the Weimar Republic, these were called Notverordnungen (emergency decrees).

Why this haste?

Let's not forget that Trump has two key opponents. In addition to the "Trifecta," he is running out of time.

Trifecta states are those in which Democrats hold the governorship and have majorities in the Senate and the House of Representatives. The most powerful example is California, with a population of almost 40 million.

Under the new president, the Republican Party holds the majority in both houses of Congress. In the House of Representatives, they have 235 seats, while the Democrats hold 200. In the Senate, the Republicans have a majority of 53 seats compared to 47 for the Democrats, allowing Trump to govern unrestrained for the next two years.

However, in the 2026 midterm elections, the majority in one or both houses could flip, making governing more difficult.

Journalists have identified an even greater Trump opponent: reality.

The new president is barely in touch with reality. One of the main reasons he was elected was his promise to bring down inflation. At the same time, he loves tariffs, which are import duties supposed to secure American jobs and strengthen the domestic market.

In 2015, President Obama officially renamed the nation's highest mountain, the 6,190-metre-high McKinley*, to Denali, as the indigenous people of Alaska have called it for thousands of years.
*Gold miners had christened it in 1896 after the US president


Trump rescinded the renaming with an executive order. It was another Trump attack on former President Barack Obama's legacy.

The president justified his decision by saying that William McKinley had made the country very rich through tariffs and his talent.


Every economics student knows before the first semester that tariffs make imported goods more expensive. A 25% tariff on goods imported from Mexico affects 43% of US agricultural products, and 90% of avocados consumed in the States are grown south of the border.

Back in 1932, Franklin Delano Roosevelt criticized the tariffs introduced by President Herbert Hoover under pressure from Republican hardliners, "They are 'the inevitable result of bringing about retaliations by the other nations of the world' and are leading the USA 'on the road to ruin.'"

Trump wants to spend the next four years destroying FDR's legacy, too.

The US has a voluntary following of partners who rely primarily on the extended defense umbrella. The world powers Russia and China can only dream of this. Russia is blackmailing Belarus militarily and economically, and China has taken over Cambodia and Laos under economic duress. The USA doesn't need that. Harvard historian Charles S. Maier once wrote of an "empire by invitation."

However, Trump's understanding of international politics predates 1945. For all their differences, only big men and strong states that can impose all sorts of things on smaller and weaker states within their zones of influence count for him.


However, the USA's partners are stronger and more self-confident than Cambodia. So, Trump's verbal attacks on Canada, Panama, and Denmark could jeopardize the good relationship with America's allies.


As a Danish MEP said in the EU Parliament concerning Greenland to applause, "Let me put it in words that you might understand,  Mister Trump. Fuck off."

Trump is pursuing an agenda of "maximum disruption," with which he is attempting to largely undermine the basic US democratic principle of checks and balances.

The legislature is in his hands; the Supreme Court, which recently granted the president almost all-encompassing immunity from prosecution, is conservative.

Big tech has been given "co-governing power." Trump's advisor, Elon Musk, now has insight into US finances.

What worries me most is the gesunde Menschenverstand the Nazis governed the 3rd Reich by. Trump says he is gifted with it.


Here is a recent example: When asked why he believed that DEI (diversity, equity, and inclusion) was responsible for the collision of two airplanes over Washington, Trump answered, "I have common sense, and unfortunately, a lot of people don't."


Trump's presidency is a reminder that democracy cannot be taken for granted.

Apparently, only Melania knows how to stop Him.
Democracy is an accomplishment. It is fragile and sometimes uncomfortable, but it is the best thing we have.

Subsequently, the following discussion at the Stammtisch turned around one point: How can we protect our precious democracy.
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